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Letter from Abū Qarja and Majdhūb Abū Bakr to ʿUthmān Diqna

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: Abū Qarja and Majdhūb Abū Bakr give ʿUthmān Diqna details on the situation in Eastern Sudan, as the latter is currently in Omdurman, visiting the Khalīfa. Most of the letter deals with the instructions of the Khalīfa on question of grain (taxation, conservation and trade). Abū Qarja and Majdhūb Abū Bakr explain to ʿUthmān Diqna that most of the harvest has been lost to locusts. 04/06/1307
Letter from Abū Qarja and Majdhūb Abū Bakr to ʿUthmān Diqna

A seal with the inscription of Ahmed Suleiman

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.images
Description: A seal with the inscription of Ahmed Suleiman, secretary of the treasury.
Country location: Sudan
A seal with the inscription of Ahmed Suleiman

Writings by the scholastic supporters of Al-Ansar for the ansar to establish the pillars of Mahdism.

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.manuscripts
Description: Religious teachings that Sayyid Ahmad Al-Badri collected showing that he attended and worked with the Imam Muhammad Al-Mahdi to confirm the call of Mahdism.
Country location: Sudan
Writings by the scholastic supporters of Al-Ansar for the ansar to establish the pillars of Mahdism.

Al-Mahdi's House, Omdurman

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.images
Description: Al-Mahdi's house, Omdurman
Country location: Sudan
Al-Mahdi's House, Omdurman

Radio, Television and Theatre, Issue No. 25, 21 February 1980

Collection: ismailabdallahmohammedyousif.ismailabdallahmohammedyousif
Description: Sudanese Mahdism and the Shi'a creeds. The Egyptian Cinema Index for 1979.
Country location: sudan
Radio, Television and Theatre, Issue No. 25, 21 February 1980

Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: On the situation in Eastern Sudan. - This text has been edited in Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Abū Salīm, Muḥarrarāt ʿUthmān Diqna, Khartoum, Markaz Abū Salīm li-l-dirāsāt, 2004. See letter 406 25/05/1313
Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

An election propaganda for the Al-Umma Party with the slogan 'Sudan for the Sudanese'.

Collection: rashidphotostudio.rashidphotostudio
Description: An election propaganda for the Al-Umma Party with the slogan 'Sudan for the Sudanese'. The blue banner and spear are displayed in the image, as well as the symbol of Mahdia, an English Officer and an Egyptian officer. The Mahdia is the revolutionary movement led by Muhammed Ahmed El-Mahdi in response to the injustices of the Turkish-Egyptian rule.
Country location: Sudan
An election propaganda for the Al-Umma Party with the slogan 'Sudan for the Sudanese'.

A manuscript of a letter from Sultan 'Ali Dinar to Muhammad Babikir, the Sheikh of al-Karaib village.

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.manuscripts
Description: Regarding the appointment of Ali Al-Sanousi as their leader, calling for support and obedience, the securing of roads, and not to attack travellers.
Country location: Sudan
A manuscript of a letter from Sultan 'Ali Dinar to Muhammad Babikir, the Sheikh of al-Karaib village.

Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: On the grain situation in Eastern Sudan; the supply of the anṣār; and consideration for the jihādiyya. - This text has been edited in Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Abū Salīm, Muḥarrarāt ʿUthmān Diqna, Khartoum, Markaz Abū Salīm li-l-dirāsāt, 2004. See letter 68 16/11/1305
Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Draft of the English translation of a letter narrating the events in Eastern Sudan between 1883 and 1885

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: This document is the draft translation of the Daftar Waqāʾi (Annals). It was found among other documents when Tūkar was captured by the British in February 1891. The definitive translated text can be found in Appendix 2 of Wingate’s “Report on Dervish Rule in Eastern Sudan” (Durham - SAD 253/1). - This text has been edited in Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Abū Salīm, Muḥarrarāt ʿUthmān Diqna, Khartoum, Markaz Abū Salīm li-l-dirāsāt, 2004. 1891
Draft of the English translation of a letter narrating the events in Eastern Sudan between 1883 and 1885

Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: On the debts contracted by the treasury in Eastern Sudan. - This text has been edited in Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Abū Salīm, Muḥarrarāt ʿUthmān Diqna, Khartoum, Markaz Abū Salīm li-l-dirāsāt, 2004. See letter 347 Out of focus 12/08/1311
Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Al-Mahdi's Tomb, Omdurman

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.images
Description: Al-Mahdi's tomb, Omdurman
Country location: Sudan
Al-Mahdi's Tomb, Omdurman

The Founding of Khartoum City and Al-Mahdia

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.books
Description: This book covers the Turkish rule of Sudan and the siege and fall of Khartoum at the hands of Mahdism supporters.
Country location: Sudan
The Founding of Khartoum City and Al-Mahdia

Letter from Aḥmad Maḥmūd ʿAlī to al-Majdhūb Abū Bakr and Abū Qarja

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: Aḥmad Maḥmūd ʿAlī informs them that he has been told the Hadanduwa have allied with the Turks (the British and Egyptian administration in Sawākin) to attack and destroy Mahdist power in Eastern Sudan while an expedition is being mounted against the Banī ʿĀmir. He recommends to postpone this expedition. 11/06/1307
Letter from Aḥmad Maḥmūd ʿAlī to al-Majdhūb Abū Bakr and Abū Qarja

Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: On the Khalīfa’s recommendation for the training of the army and the mobilisation of the tribes in Eastern Sudan. - This text has been edited in Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Abū Salīm, Muḥarrarāt ʿUthmān Diqna, Khartoum, Markaz Abū Salīm li-l-dirāsāt, 2004. See letter 243 20/06/1309
Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: On the situation in Eastern Sudan: rumours of attacks by the Turks; return of Kitchener to Egypt with important captives; the condition of the nomadic tribes, especially the ʿAmārʾar; instruction of Kitchener not to attack ʿUthmān Diqna in the mountains but only when he comes close to the fortified positions. - This text has been edited in Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Abū Salīm, Muḥarrarāt ʿUthmān Diqna, Khartoum, Markaz Abū Salīm li-l-dirāsāt, 2004. See letter 300 12/05/1310
Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Manuscript draft of a translation of some of ʿUthmān Diqna’s letters sent to the Mahdī to relate events in the Eastern Sudan in 1883 and 1884.

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: This is a manuscript draft entitled “Osman Digna’s Report of his primary actions in the Eastern Sudan. Submitted by him to the Mahdī, as taken from an Arabic copy found in Afafit on its being occupied by Gvt. troops on 19,2,91”. This draft translation was published in Wingate’s “Report on the Dervish Rule in the Eastern Sudan” (May 1891) as Appendix II entitled “Extracts from Osman Digna’s correspondence, captured on 19th February, 1891” This report can be found in Durham (SAD 253/1) and in the NRO (CairInt 3/03/46). This is translation is based on an Arabic text, called the Waqāʾiʿ ʿUthmān Diqna (“The Chronicles of ʿUthmān Diqna”), which is kept at the NRO (Mahdiyya 8/07/60). Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Abū Salīm has published an edited version in Arabic of this text (Abū Salīm, Mudhakkirāt ʿUthmān Diqna, Khartoum, 1974), stating that the English translation was of poor quality. 24/03/1891
Manuscript draft of a translation of some of ʿUthmān Diqna’s letters sent to the Mahdī to relate events in the Eastern Sudan in 1883 and 1884.

Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: On the situation in Eastern Sudan; the consequences of the Mahdist raid against Arkawīt: the replacement of the Sudanese and ḥamrān soldiers by Hindu soldiers and the cutting of stipends to tribal leaders; on the situation in Kasalā after the Italian defeat against Aḥmad Faḍīl; withdrawal of the Italians; news of the defeat of Adwa. - This text has been edited in Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Abū Salīm, Muḥarrarāt ʿUthmān Diqna, Khartoum, Markaz Abū Salīm li-l-dirāsāt, 2004. See letter 431 03/01/1314
Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

A letter from 'Umar Muhammad al-Tahir Al-Masa'ad to Muhammad al-Khayr 'Abdullah Khojali

Collection: nilevalleyuniversity.nilevalleyuniversity
Description: Regarding the property of Al-Tahir Al-Masa'ad taken as loot by the Mahdi Government.
Country location: Sudan
A letter from 'Umar Muhammad al-Tahir Al-Masa'ad to Muhammad al-Khayr 'Abdullah Khojali

Seal of the Caliph Abdullah

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.images
Description: Caliph Abdullah's seal with the phrase 'Allah is sufficient for me, most excellent guardian and he in whom I trust'.
Country location: Sudan
Seal of the Caliph Abdullah

Letter from al-Majdhūb Abū Bakr to ʿUthmān Diqna

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: This is a discussion on the effects of the establishment of Aḥmad Maḥmūd ʿAlī in Handūb, where the previous Mahdist centre in Eastern Sudan was situated, before being moved to Tūkar in January 1889, after the last attempt by Mahdist forces to seize Sawākin. It appears that they suspect that Aḥmad Maḥmūd ʿAlī is collecting taxes from traders passing through to and from Sawākin (as Handūb is on the road between the latter port and Berber on the Nile), and is not sending the proceeds of this levy to the treasury in Tūkar; the anṣār there is in a situation of great need. If this is not mentioned in the letter, the suspicion of the Mahdist administrators was quite certainly strengthened by the fact that his father Maḥmūd ʿAlī, raʾīs of the Amārʾar, was the main opponent to the Mahdiyya in Eastern Sudan, until his death, the same year as the writing of this letter. In an addendum, al-Majdhūb states that he has learned from some traders that waterpipe tobacco is sometimes smuggled inside the country in boxes of sugar. Tobacco, like alcohol, was rigorously forbidden by the Mahdist regime, but it appears that some must nonetheless have been smuggled in to smoke. 05/08/1307
Letter from al-Majdhūb Abū Bakr to ʿUthmān Diqna

Series of five letters exchanged between Muḥammad ʿUthmān Abū Qarja, the Khalīfa ʿAbd Allāh, the leaders of the banner of Shāʾib Aḥmad, the representatives of the shariʿa, the deputies of the Khalīfa in Tūkar and ʿAbd Allāh Abū Bakr Yūsuf (the secretary of the treasury of Tokar).

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: Twelve leaders of one of the banners of ʿUthmān Diqna, led by Shāʾib Aḥmad, sent from Abū Qarja (ʿUthmān Diqna’s main deputy) a letter complaining of the treatment they received from their amīr. They accuse him of having appropriated the booty, seized their first petition to the Khalīfa, and having confiscated most of the property of one of them, Faḍl ʿAbd Allāh, he was imprisoned (letter 1). The Khalīfa sent the petition to his four deputies in Tūkar, whom had been sent to the Eastern Sudan to find a solution to the conflict which opposed ʿUthmān Diqna to Abū Qarja (who resented being under the authority of the former) (letter 2). The deputies ask the twelve petitioners to give details as to their accusations against Shāʾib Aḥmad (letter 3). The petitioners state that they will comply with the request of the deputies (letter 4). The deputies inform Shāʾib Aḥmad of the order of the Khalīfa and inform him of the original petition (letter 5). Shāʾib Aḥmad presents his defence (letter 6). The deputies communicate to the petitioners Shāʾib Aḥmad’s response their accusation (letter 7). The petitioners develop and refine their argument against Shāʾib Aḥmad (letter 8). The deputies confirm having received the petitioners’ response and ask for further details on one of the central points of the dispute, namely the status of a horse which one of the petitioners claims to have bought from the provincial treasury in Tukar, whereas Shāʾib Aḥmad claims that it was wrongfully appropriated and that he was in his right to seize it (letter 9). The petitioners respond to the deputies new enquiry and expand their accusations against Shāʾib Aḥmad by claiming that he also never distributed salaries due to the fighters and their families (letter 10). The deputies sum up the accusations of the petitioners to Shāʾib Aḥmad (letter 11). Shāʾib Aḥmad answers the accusations of the petitioners by claiming that they are fabricated and that the secretary of the treasury could prove that there was no wrongful appropriation (letter 12). The deputies ask the representatives of the shariʿa to investigate the matter (letter 13). The representatives of the shariʿa have heard from all those involved (letter 14). The deputies communicate to ʿUthmān Diqna the latest developments regarding the representatives of the shariʿa and ask him if he authorised Shāʾib Ahmad to confiscate Faḍl ʿAbd Allāh’s property (letter 15). ʿUthmān Diqna confirms that he gave Shāʾib Aḥmad the authorisation for this confiscation (letter 16). The deputies ask ʿAbd Allāh Abū Bakr Yūsuf, the secretary of the treasury, if the allegations of the petitioners against Shāʾib Aḥmad are true (letter 17). ʿAbd Allāh Abū Bakr Yūsuf replies to the deputies enquiry about the accusation of appropriations against Shāʾib Aḥmad. He writes that, during that period, the secretary of the banner of Shāʾib Aḥmad was Aḥmad [Qubajī] and that the record of the expenses of this banner in Kasalā could be found in notebooks there (letter 18). The deputies take note of ʿAbd Allāh Abū Bakr Yūsuf answer and emphasise the importance of getting the amounts spent by this banner for general expenses and compensation (letter 19). ʿAbd Allāh Abū Bakr Yūsuf replies that he finally found the records and they show expenditure in money, grain (dhura), clothing and perfumes. The expenses for the banner of Shāʾib Aḥmad were 5766 riyāl, 638 ardābb of dhura and 423 pieces of clothing (letter 20). The deputies ʿUthmān Diqna for the records of the expenses occurred by the banner of Shāʾib Aḥmad in Handūb (the former Mahdist centre in the Eastern Sudan before its being moved to Tokar in early 1890) (letter 21). ʿUthmān Diqna declares that there is no record for the period 01/04/1305 to 21/04/1306, due to the lack of notebooks. However, records are available from 21/04/1306 to 29/06/1306, when they were moved from Handūb for Tukar, and are attached to his letter (letter 22). 18/02-21/04/1889 17/06-20/08/1306
Series of five letters exchanged between Muḥammad ʿUthmān Abū Qarja, the Khalīfa ʿAbd Allāh, the leaders of the banner of Shāʾib Aḥmad, the representatives of the shariʿa, the deputies of the Khalīfa in Tūkar and ʿAbd Allāh Abū Bakr Yūsuf (the secretary of the treasury of Tokar).

Commander of the legions of this nation

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.images
Description: A drawing of Imam Alma-Mahdi wearing a turban.
Country location: Sudan
Commander of the legions of this nation

The seal of Sultan Abdalrhman Alrasheed, Sultan of Al-Foor

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.images
Description: A seal with the inscription 'Sultan Abdalrhman Bin Sultan Ahmed Bakr Bin Sultan Musa Bin Sultan Salman'.
Country location: Sudan
The seal of Sultan Abdalrhman Alrasheed, Sultan of Al-Foor

Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: On the situation in Eastern Sudan; no new developments in the regions of Sawākin and Kasalā; the fields have received some rain, but not enough to start cultivation, except for the fields next to the river. - This text has been edited in Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Abū Salīm, Muḥarrarāt ʿUthmān Diqna, Khartoum, Markaz Abū Salīm li-l-dirāsāt, 2004. See letter 434 05/03/1314
Letter from ʿUthmān Diqna to the Khalīfa

Printed draft in English of an index of 83 proclamations (1881-1884) of the Mahdī contained in a manuscript letter-book (c. 142 p.)

Collection: nationalrecordsoffice.mahdia
Description: This index was published in Wingate’s “Report on the Dervish Rule in the Eastern Sudan” (May 1891) as Appendix IV entitled “Index to a manuscript letter book from Tokar, referring entirely to the doings of the Mahdi”. This report can be found in Durham (SAD 253/1) and in the NRO (CairInt 3/03/46). The letter-book (“al-Majdhūb Abū Bakr letter-book) is kept at Durham (SAD 99/1) and available online. 14/04/1891
Printed draft in English of an index of 83 proclamations (1881-1884) of the Mahdī contained in a manuscript letter-book (c. 142 p.)
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